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español al alemán - Tarifa normal: 0.12 EUR por palabra / 30 EUR por hora inglés al alemán - Tarifa normal: 0.12 EUR por palabra / 30 EUR por hora español al turco - Tarifa normal: 0.12 EUR por palabra / 30 EUR por hora turco al alemán - Tarifa normal: 0.12 EUR por palabra / 30 EUR por hora español al inglés - Tarifa normal: 0.12 EUR por palabra / 30 EUR por hora
alemán al inglés - Tarifa normal: 0.12 EUR por palabra / 30 EUR por hora alemán al español - Tarifa normal: 0.12 EUR por palabra / 30 EUR por hora turco al inglés - Tarifa normal: 0.12 EUR por palabra / 30 EUR por hora alemán al árabe - Tarifa normal: 0.12 EUR por palabra / 30 EUR por hora
Puntos de nivel PRO 4, Preguntas respondidas: 2, Preguntas formuladas: 15
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turco al inglés: NATO Afganistan çıkmazında
Texto de origen - turco Letonya’nın başkenti Riga’da düzenlenen NATO devlet ve hükümet başkanları toplantısı, “güncel” planda Afganistan işgalini sürdürme, direnen güçlerle savaşma yolunda ABD ve İngiltere’nin yükünü-risklerini azaltmayı hedefliyordu. Her iki emperyalist devlet de bir süredir, öteki NATO üyelerini “Sorumluluk almaya” çağırıyor, NATO’nun Afganistan başarısızlığının bir felaket olacağı hatırlatmasında bulunuyordu. Faşist Bush, “Afganistan, NATO’nun en önemli operasyonudur” diyor ve “Afganistan konusunda daha esnek olunmasını”, “müttefiklerin daha fazla risk almasını” istiyordu.
Tüm bunlara ve NATO Genel Sekreteri Jaap de Hoop Schaffer’in, “Afganistan konusunda karamsarlık gerektirecek ufacık bir neden yok” sözlerine ve yine Fransa’nın, “Daha fazla savaş helikopteri ve uçağı gönderme, asker sayısını bine çıkarma” vaadine karşın, Almanya, İtalya ve İspanya “sıcak bölgeye” asker göndermeyeceklerini açıkladılar. Bu durumda, “Afganistan’ın herhangi bir yerinde zor durumda olan birliklere yardım”, “Bazı birliklerin rollerini sınırlama getiren çekinceleri gözetme” sözü; esasen emperyalist boyunduruk altında olan ülkelerin, işbirlikçi sermaye oligarşisinin ve ABD madalyalı hüküm sürdüğü NATO üyesi Türkiye gibi devletlerin girdiği bir “yükümlülük” anlamı taşır. O nedenle de Afganistan’dan dönecek asker tabutlarının yaratacağı ve en başta da kendilerini vuracak olan öfkede duyulan korku nedeniyle Güney Afganistan’a gidip büyük risk üstlenmeyi reddeden sermayenin faşist generallerinin yeni süreçte manevra imkanları bir hayli daralmış görünüyor.
İki yılda bir düzenlenen –2004/İstanbul, 2006/Riga– NATO devlet ve hükümet başkanları toplantısının bu seferki daha genel hedefi ise, NATO’yu ABD’nin uluslararası politikaları doğrultusunda etkinleştirmekti. Bu konuda bolca söz ve temenni saçıldı ortalığa, ama “Acil Müdahale Gücü”nün (NFR) “operasyonel” ilan edilmesi dışında somut bir karar alınamadı. “Kapsamlı siyasi yönerge” diye nitelenen emperyalist amaçlar deklarasyonu, NATO’nun her yerde savaşması hedefine dayalı 10-15 yıllık bir plan.
NFR, uluslararası emperyalist karşıdevrimin vurucu gücü olarak, ezilenlerin direnişlerine ve devrimlere karşı kullanılacaktır. Ancak bu gücün kullanımı da emperyalistler arası çelişkilere tabi olacaktır. Afganistan’da askeri güç sevkiyatı konusunda yaşanan kriz, NRF’nin de işlevselliğinin sınırlarına işaret etmektedir.
Vurgulananlar dışında, Riga toplantısı, Yugoslavya Federasyonu’nun emperyalist amaçlarla yıkılmasıyla kurulan devletlere ve Arnavutluk’a önümüzdeki yıllarda üyelik vaadinde bulunurken, Gürcistan ve Ukrayna’ya göz kırpmakla yetindi.
ABD patentli emperyalist iyimserlik taşıyan açıklamalara rağmen, Irak ve Afganistan örneklerinde farklı görünümlerde ortaya çıktığı gibi, NATO’nun elebaşılığındaki tek merkezli emperyalist askeri blok olma özelliği aşınmaya devam etmektedir. ABD emperyalizminin NATO’nun tüm imkanlarından sonuna kadar yararlanmasına karşın ayrı bir emperyalist güç merkezi olma stratejisi ile hareket eden Almanya-Fransa eksenli AB’li emperyalistler, ‘90’lara doğru olduğu biçimiyle ABD’ye tabi olma yerine, kendi “ihtiyaçlarından” hareket etme yönelimlerini güçlendirmektedirler.
Emperyalist küreselleşme koşullarında emperyalist dünyanın iç dalaşı yeni biçimler alsa bile özel bir değişikliğe uğramamıştır.
Dünya proletaryası ile ezilen halkların mücadeleleri ve ABD emperyalistlerine vurulacak darbeler bu süreç üzerinde hızlandırıcı etkide bulunacak, gelişen devrimler, emperyalistler arası çelişkileri dolaylı yedek haline getirerek kendilerin manevra alanları yaratma imkanlarına sahip olacaklardır. Gelişmenin gelecekteki yönü budur.
Traducción - inglés NATO deadlock in Afghanistan
The NATO summit of Heads of State and Government in Riga, the capital of Latvia, aimed to continue with the occupation in Afghanistan and decrease the charge and risks of the USA and UK struggling with the resisting forces as a “current” issue.
For some time now, both imperialist states have called the other NATO member states to “take responsibility” and remembered that the unsuccessfulness of the NATO in Afghanistan will become a disaster. Fascist Bush says that “Afghanistan is the most important operation of the NATO” and demanded to “be more open concerning Afghanistan” and “that the allies must be ready to take more risks”. Despite all that, the statement of NATO Secretary General Jaap de Hoop who declared that “there is not a single reason to be pessimistic about Afghanistan” and France promising to “send more helicopters for the war and to increase the number of soldiers to 1000”, Germany, Italy and Spain announced that they will not send any troops to the “torrid zone”.
The statements of “support of the units being in trouble anywhere in Afghanistan” and “watching the dangers that contain the role of some units” actually means “duty” for the countries which are under imperialist oppression, the collaborator capital oligarchy and NATO member states such as Turkey decorated by the USA. Because of this reason and the fact that there will be great fear linked with anger first of all to themselves and finally when the soldiers`s coffins are returning from Afghanistan, there seem to be less opportunities for maneuvers of the capital`s fascist generals who rejected to go to South Africa and take big risks.
This time, the general aim of the NATO summit of Heads of State and Government taking place every two years –2004/İstanbul, 2006/Riga– was to make the NATO more powerful in line with the USA`s international politics. Therefore, a lot of things and desires were said, but no concrete decision could be taken apart from the announcement of the “NFR” being “operational”.
The imperialists` declaration of aims which can also be considered as “A Comprehensive policy directive” is a plan with the aim of NATO fighting everywhere in th next 10-15 years.
NFR, as the international imperialist counter-revolutionary striker, will be used against the resistances and revolution of the oppressed. But the use of this force will also be dependent of the contradictions between the imperialists. The crisis experienced in Afghanistan because of the forward of troops pointed to the failure of NRF, too.
Besides of these points stressed, the Riga summit promised those states, that were founded after the Yugoslavia Federation was destroyed because of imperialist aims, and Albania to become member candidates within the next years. Georgia and Ukrainia, however, were only given a wink.
Despite the statements that contain imperialist optimism and are a patent of the USA, it is quite clear that NATO still continues to become the ringleader of the only imperialist army bloc, as proved with the examples of Iraq and Afghanistan. The EU imperialists with their leading force Germany and France, who act in ine with the strategy to become a separate imperialist power centre against US imperialism profiting from all opportunities offered by NATO, are strengthening their tendencies based on their “needs” instead of being dependent on the USA like in the end 80ies.
The inner fight all over the world has obtained new forms under conditions of imperialist globalisation, but no overall change has taken place.
The struggle of the world proletariat and the oppressed people and the defaets of US imperialists will play a crucial role in accelerating proceedings, developing revolutions will
put the contradictions between the imperialists on the side and create themselves space for their own maneuvers. This is how it seems to happen.
alemán al inglés: Thesis on the „Optimisation of the Materials Requirement Planning Parameters in SAP“
Texto de origen - alemán 1 Einleitung
1.1 Motivation
„Nicht mit Erfindungen, sondern mit Verbesserungen macht man Vermögen…“ wusste schon Henry Ford (1863 – 1947), bevor er die Automobilbranche mit seinem gleichnamigen Unternehmen (Ford Motor Company) revolutionierte.
Was Ford damals schon wusste, wird heutzutage von vielen Unternehmen genutzt, um sich von der Konkurrenz abzuheben. Besonders in Zeiten der Globalisierung steht Verbesserung als Synonym für Wettbewerbsvorteil und schnelleres Wachstum. Unternehmen können sich nicht mehr nur auf innovative Produkte verlassen, sondern müssen ihre Produkte und Unternehmensstruktur kontinuierlich optimieren. Immer kürzer werdende Produktlebenszyklen, hoher Konkurrenzdruck und unaufhaltsamer Fortschritt machen dies erforderlich. Eine stetige Optimierung der Prozesse ist der Schlüssel zum Erfolg.
Der Erfolg von betriebswirtschaftlicher Anwendungssoftware ist zu 30% abhängig von der Auswahl des richtigen Systems, 20 % liegen bei der richtigen Schulung der Anwender und 50% sind abhängig vom Wissen über das System und was daraus gemacht wird. Nach der Einführung von betriebswirtschaftlichen Anwendungssystemen, z.B. von Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systemen, stellen sich für viele Unternehmen die erhofften Nutzeffekte meist nur bedingt ein. Der Hauptgrund liegt überwiegend bei der Vernachlässigung der letzten beiden Faktoren, der Wissensübermittlung und der Umsetzung des Wissens.
Das macht sich besonders bei der Materialdisposition bemerkbar. Durch die Vielzahl von Parametern, deren Funktionen und Wirkungen kaum zu überblicken sind, wird von den Anwendern meist nur ein Bruchteil der Leistungsfähigkeit des Systems genutzt.
Gestiegene Lieferserviceanforderungen und globale Logistiknetzwerke haben eine neue Marktsituation geschaffen. Unternehmen müssen, um wettbewerbsfähig zu bleiben, einen hohen Servicegrad garantieren, ohne kapitalintensive Bestände aufzubauen. Zusätzlich erschwert eine zunehmende Variantenvielfalt die Situation. Ohne eine optimale Materialdisposition, die direkt auf Material und Unternehmen abgestimmt ist, würden Unternehmen durch zu hohe Bestände oder unzureichende Kundenbefriedigung nicht nur an Gewinn, sondern auch an Effizienz, Effektivität und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit verlieren.
1.2 Aufbau und Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel der Arbeit „Optimierung der Dispositionsparameter in SAP“ ist es, einen Überblick über den Prozess der Materialdisposition mit der betriebswirtschaftlichen Anwendungssoftware mySAP ERP Central Component (kurz ECC, Nachfolger von SAP R/3) - Modul Produktionsplanung (PP) zu erhalten, alle dispositionsrelevanten Parameter zu identifizieren und deren Wirkung sowie Funktionsweise detailliert zu beschreiben. Auf dieser Basis sollen Entscheidungsgrundlagen, ein Konfigurationshilfsmittel und ein Vorgehensmodell zur Parametereinstellung konzipiert und entwickelt werden. Die Hilfsmittel und die theoretische Abhandlung der Dispositionsparameter sollen als Beratungsgrundlage für Optimierungsprojekte im Bereich Materialdisposition dienen und den Ausgangspunkt für weitere Untersuchungen ebnen. Mit dieser Arbeit soll der Berater ein Instrument erhalten, womit er dem Kunden das Potenzial der SAP Software und die Notwendigkeit der Verbesserung verdeutlicht und mit seinem Wissen über die Parameterwechselwirkungen den Kunden bei der Umsetzung des Optimierungsprojektes unterstützt.
Traducción - inglés 5 Introduction
5.1 Motivation
„Not inventions but improvements make a fortune“ had yet Henry Ford (1863 – 1947) known, before he revolutionized the automobile industry with his same-called company (Ford Motor Company).
Nowadays many companies make use of what Ford had already known at that time in order to distinguish themselves from the business competition. Especially in times of globalisation, improvement becomes a synonymy for advantage in competition and quicker growth. Companies can not only rely on innovative products, but also have to optimise continually their products and company structure. The product life cycle, which becomes constantly shorter, the high pressure of competition and the non-stoppable progress require this. The key to success is a constant optimisation of the processes.
30% of the success of business application software depends on the selection of the right system, 20% on the proper training of the users and 50% on the knowledge on the system and what can be developed from it. After the introduction of business application software, such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems, many companies only obtained limited efficiency. The main reasons are predominantly the disregard of the latter two factors: conveying and transforming the knowledge.
In that case, material disposition attracts especially attention to itself. Due to a variety of parameters, whose functions and effects can hardly be overviewed, often users only utilise a fractional amount of the system’s capability.
A rise in delivery service requests and global logistic net works created a new situation of the market. In order to stay competitive, companies have to guarantee a high service level without setting up capital-intensive stocks. In addition, an increasing diversity of variations makes the situation more difficult. Without an optimal material disposition, which is coordinated directly with material and companies, companies would not only lose profit but also efficiency, affectivity and competitiveness because of high stocks or insufficient customer satisfaction.
5.2 Structure and Purpose
The aim of the work „Optimisation of the Materials Requirement Planning Parameters in SAP“ is to provide an overview over the process of material requirement planning (MRP) with the business application software mySAP ERP Central Component (shortened ECC, successor of SAP R/3) - module production planning (PP), to identify all parameters applicable to MRP and to describe thoroughly their effect and functionality. The bases of decision-making, a configuration implement and a procedure model for the MRP parameters should be conceived and developed on that basis. The implements and the theoretical treatise of the MRP parameters should serve as a consulting basis for optimisation projects in the field of material planning and flatten the starting point for further studies. With this work, the consultant shall receive an implement that clarifies the potential of SAP software and the necessity of improvement for the customer and, together with his knowledge on parameter interaction, supports the customers in realizing the Optimisation projects.
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